Research archive
Investigations, comparisons and ownership guides, with links to the evidence.
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Two of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, scored head-to-head on integrity using court filings, regulatory penalties, and investigative reports. One scores -60 on health access. The other supports over 100 community health organisations.
Compare 10 companies’ ethics scores, strengths and gaps. See the evidence and why a selected list cannot establish the world’s most ethical companies.
Neither rideshare company is a clear ethical winner. Compare documented driver-pay settlements, safety disclosures and privacy findings, including the 2026 Dutch decision against Uber and its reported appeal.
Buying an S&P 500 index fund means owning weapons manufacturers, fossil fuel giants, and serial data privacy violators. We scored the top holdings on 11 ethical dimensions to show what passive investing actually costs your conscience.
Compare 5 companies using verified Mashinii score records, with missing dimensions shown separately and links to each company’s evidence.
Disney was fined $20 million for collecting children's data without parental consent. Netflix was fined EUR 4.75 million for GDPR violations. Both score -30 on cultural respect. Here is how the two streaming giants compare across 11 ethical dimensions.
Meta has paid $4.12 billion in ethics-related fines in three years. NVIDIA's voluntary turnover is 2.5%. The academic literature is clear: ethical risk is financial risk. Here is what the data shows.
JPMorgan vs Goldman Sachs: compare corrected ethics scores, worker treatment, weapons exposure and regulatory cases, with sources and clear limits.
Compare Starbucks, Costa and Pret on coffee sourcing, workers and ownership. Understand the evidence and why a parent-company score is not a café rating.
Samsung vs Apple: compare worker treatment, sourcing, privacy and environmental scores. See where each leads and what the latest evidence establishes.
Nestlé vs Unilever: compare worker treatment, sourcing, health and climate scores, with ownership changes and the evidence behind the differences.
Meta scored -70 on data privacy in our methodology -- one of the lowest in our database. TikTok's parent ByteDance is private and cannot be scored. Here is what the data shows about social media ethics.
Google's current ethics record examined across privacy, business conduct, labour, climate and military involvement, with direct supporting sources.
Warren Buffett's conglomerate has 255 environment-related offenses, coal plants linked to 260 premature deaths annually, and a subsidiary that settled for $24.4 million over racial discrimination in lending.
BlackRock's support for ESG shareholder proposals fell from 47% to 4%. Goldman Sachs financed $184.9 billion in fossil fuels while being operationally carbon neutral since 2015. Shell's total emissions in 2024 were 1.2 billion metric tonnes. We scored eight companies that went quiet on sustainability.
Temu owner PDD Holdings currently scores -50 on ethical sourcing. Examine the forced-labour, product-safety and privacy evidence behind its record.
Understand EU greenwashing rules in 2026, the separate Green Claims proposal, and what the H&M, Unilever, Ryanair and DWS cases actually established.
RTX paid over $1.1 billion in ethics-related fines in 2024 alone. Northrop Grumman's biometric surveillance database stores data on over 500 million individuals. We scored six major defence contractors across 11 ethical dimensions.
Every major AI company scores negative on military involvement in our methodology. Most score negative on data privacy. We examined eight AI-exposed stocks using court filings, regulatory penalties, and investigative reports.
Compare eight boycotted companies, their ethics scores and documented controversies. Check campaign lists, corrected facts and the evidence behind each claim.
A practical guide to discussing values, evidence and investment trade-offs when wealth passes between generations.
A practical checklist for testing green and ethical investment claims against holdings, exclusions, evidence and regulatory guidance.
Five evidence-based questions for examining an ethical fund or company before investing, from hidden holdings to greenwashing and source quality.
Traditional ESG data comes from companies themselves. Independent data comes from courts, regulators, and journalists. The difference matters.
The Evidence Brief